最近帮朋友写了一个灰色模型GM(1,1)的R实现,参考网上现有的matlab代码,比较容易就可以弄出来。下面是具体过程,主函数是GM(),建立的模型是一个S3类,搭配两个自定义的泛型函数print和plot可以得到结果输出和图形。
# 本代码用来计算GM(1,1)灰度模型
# 输入:x 原始数据,adv为外推预测步长
# 输出:actual 原始数据,fit 拟合数据,degree 拟合精度,
# C 后验差比值,P 小概率误差,predict 外推预测值
# 主函数
GM <- function(x,adv=0){
x0 <- x
k = length(x0)
# AGO
x1 = cumsum(x0)
# construct matrix B & Y
B = cbind(-0.5*(x1[-k]+x1[-1]),rep(1,times=k-1))
Y = x0[-1]
# compute BtB...
BtB = t(B)%*%B
BtB.inv = solve(BtB)
BtY = t(B)%*%Y
# estimate
alpha = BtB.inv%*%BtY
# 建立预测模型
predict<- function(k){
y = (x0[1] - alpha[2]/alpha[1])*exp(-alpha[1]*k)+alpha[2]/alpha[1]
return(y)
}
pre <- sapply(X=0:(k-1),FUN=predict)
prediff <- c(pre[1],diff(pre))
# 计算残差
error <- round(abs(prediff-x0),digits=6)
emax <- max(error)
emin <- min(error)
# 模型评价
incidence <- function(x){
return((emin + 0.5*emax)/(x+0.5*emax))
}
degree <- mean(sapply(error,incidence))
s1 <- sqrt(sum((x0-mean(x0))^2)/5)
s2 <- sqrt(sum((error-mean(error))^2)/5)
C<- s2/s1
e <- abs(error-mean(error))
p <- length(e<0.6745)/length(e)
result <- list(actual = x0,
fit = prediff,
degree = degree,
C = C,
P = p)
# 外推预测第k+adv项
if(adv > 0){
pre.adv <- predict(k+adv-1)-predict(k+adv-2)
result$predict <- pre.adv
}
class(result)<- 'GM1.1'
return(result)
}
# 增加对应gm1.1类的泛型函数 print & plot
print.GM1.1 <- function(mod){
cat('the result of GM(1,1)\n')
cat('Actual Data:','\n',mod$actual ,'\n')
cat('Fit Data:','\n',round(mod$fit,2),'\n')
cat('Degree:',round(mod$degree,3),'\n')
cat('C:',round(mod$C,3),'\n')
cat('P:',round(mod$P,3),'\n')
if(!is.null(mod$predict)){
cat('Predict Data:',round(mod$predict,2),'\n')
}
}
plot.GM1.1 <- function(mod,adv=5){
prex <- numeric(adv)
x <- mod$actual
for(k in1:adv){
prex[k]<- GM(x,k)$predict
}
value = c(x,prex)
res <- data.frame(index = 1:length(value),
value = value,
type = factor(c(rep(1,length(x)),rep(2,length(prex)))))
library(ggplot2)
p <- ggplot(res,aes(x=index,y= value))
p + geom_point(aes(color=type),size=3)+
geom_path(linetype=2) +
theme_bw()
}
# 原始数据
x = c(26.7,31.5,32.8,34.1,35.8,37.5)
# 预测第7项
res <- GM(x,1)
print(res)
plot(res,3)